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physics Engineering Reference Matrix

PSI vs Bar: Pressure Transduction, Atmospheric Scales & Hydrostatic Head

PSI (Pounds per Square Inch) is the imperial unit of force applied over a square inch area. Bar is the metric unit equal to exactly 100,000 Pascals (100 kPa), formulated to approximate standard atmospheric pressure at sea level (1.01325 bar = 14.696 psi). Precision fluid mechanics and piping design require continuous translation between gauge pressure (psig/barg) and absolute pressure (psia/bara).

Governing Formula: Pressure Conversion: 1 Bar = 14.5038 PSI = 100 kPa; 1 PSI = 0.0689476 Bar = 2.3067 ft H2O

Technical Comparison & Conversion Matrix

Engineering System Operating Bar Range Equivalent PSI Range Hydrostatic Head (ft H2O)
Municipal Drinking Water Main 2.8 - 5.5 bar 40 - 80 psi 92 - 185 ft H2O
Residential Plumbing PRV Setpoint 3.4 - 4.1 bar 50 - 60 psi 115 - 138 ft H2O
Hydronic Heating Boiler Safety Relief 2.1 bar 30 psi 69 ft H2O
Industrial Shop Compressed Air 6.2 - 8.6 bar 90 - 125 psi 208 - 288 ft H2O
R-410A Refrigerant High-Side Discharge 24.1 - 29.3 bar 350 - 425 psi 807 - 980 ft H2O
Commercial Hydraulic Machinery 138 - 207 bar 2,000 - 3,000 psi 4,613 - 6,920 ft H2O
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Live Calculator: Schedule 40 Steel Pipe Dimensions & Weight Calculator (ASME B36.10M)

Compute conversion ratios and values instantly on the Cloudflare edge runtime.

Computed Output

Outside Diameter (OD in)
2.38 in
Wall Thickness (t in)
0.15 in
Inside Diameter (ID in)
2.07 in
Plain End Unit Weight
3.65 lbs/ft
Total Pipe Run Weight
73.06 lbs
Internal Flow Area
3.36 sq in
Water Volume Capacity
0.17 gal/ft

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Schedule 40 Steel Pipe Dimensions & Weight Calculator (ASME B36.10M)

Calculate nominal pipe size (NPS), outside diameter (OD), inside diameter (ID), wall thickness, cross-sectional area, and linear weight per foot for ASME B36.10M / ASTM A53 carbon steel pipes.

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Multi-Unit Scientific & Trade Converter

Convert between imperial and metric units across length, mass/weight, area, volume, temperature, and pressure with exact conversion factors.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the distinction between PSIG, PSIA, and Bar?

PSIA (psi absolute) measures total pressure relative to a perfect vacuum, including 14.7 psi atmospheric pressure at sea level. PSIG (psi gauge) zeroes at local atmospheric pressure. Bar typically refers to absolute pressure, whereas barg represents gauge pressure.

How do you calculate hydrostatic water column head from PSI?

Head (ft) = PSI * 2.3067. Because 1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 lbs, a 1-inch square column of water 2.31 feet high exerts exactly 1.0 psi at its base.